Type 1 Diabetes: Type 1 diabetes mellitus, is a disease in which the pancreas produces too little insulin to meet the body’s needs. Treatment of type 1 diabetes is to keep a balance of the right amount of insulin to keep blood glucose levels from being either too high or too low. There is no cure and it cannot be prevented.
Treatment for type 1 diabetes includes:
- Taking insulin
- Frequent blood sugar monitoring
- Carbohydrate, fat and protein counting
- Exercising regularly and maintaining a healthy weight
- Medication for heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease.
Insulin
Insulin injected subcutaneously is the first-line treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). The different types of insulin-Short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting insulins are available. Short-acting and rapid-acting insulins are can be administered intravenously (IV). Human insulin currently is the only species of insulin available in the United States of America; it is slight antigenic than the earlier used animal-derived varieties.
Types of insulin are many and include:
- Short-acting insulin
- Intermediate-acting insulin
- Rapid-acting insulins
- Long-acting insulins
- Combination insulins
Short-acting insulin
- Regular insulin (Humulin and Novolin)
Intermediate-acting insulin
- Insulin isophane (Humulin N, Novolin N)
Rapid-acting insulins
- Insulin glulisine (Apidra)
- Insulin Aspart(NovoLog, FlexPen)
- Insulin lispro (Humalog)
Long-acting insulins
- Insulin detemir (Levemir)
- Insulin degludec (Tresiba)
- Insulin glargine (Toujeo)
- Insulin glargine (Lantus)
Combination insulins
- NovoLog Mix 70/30 (insulin aspart protamine-insulin aspart)
- Humalog Mix 50/50 (insulin lispro protamine-insulin lispro)
- Humalog Mix 75/25 (insulin lispro protamine-insulin lispro)
- Humulin 70/30 (human insulin NPH-human insulin regular)
- Ryzodeg (insulin degludec-insulin aspart)
- Novolin 70/30 (human insulin NPH-human insulin regular)
Other medications for Type 1 Diabetes
- High blood pressure medications- such as enalapril, lisinopril or ramipril if you have the early signs of diabetic kidney disease. Your doctor may prescribe angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to help keep your kidneys healthy. These medications are suggested for people with diabetes who become blood pressures over 140/90 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).
- Aspirin- low-dose aspirin to prevent stroke
- Cholesterol-lowering drugs- a statin, such as simvastatin, to reduce high cholesterol levels. Cholesterol guidelines tend to be more aggressive for people with diabetes. The American Diabetes Association suggests that low-density lipoprotein (LDL, or “bad”) cholesterol be below 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L) & high-density lipoprotein (HDL, or “good”) cholesterol is suggested to be over over 40 mg/dL (1 mmol/L) in men and over 50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) in women . Triglycerides, different type of blood fat, are ideal while they’re fewer than 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L).
