Hip extension is the backward movement of the thigh. Muscles that act hip extension are active while you stand up of a chair, walk, run, roll over, jump, and climb stairs. The main muscles worked in the hip extension are the gluteus maximus and hamstrings.
Gluteus maximus is a primary muscle of the hip extensions. The deeper zone of the glute is the most notable in hip extension. The hamstrings—long head of biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus—are prime movers in the hip extension. Gluteus medius and adductor magnus help in the hip extension.
Hip Extension Muscles
Gluteal Maximus: The Gluteal Maximus muscle is located at the posterior aspect of the hip joint.
Origin: The Gluteal Maximus originate from the posterior aspect of the dorsal ilium posterior to the posterior gluteal line, posterior superior iliac crest, the posterior inferior aspect of the sacrum and the coccyx, and the sacrotuberous ligament.
Insertion: The Gluteal Maximus inserts primarily in fascia lata at the iliotibial band; also within the gluteal tuberosity on the posterior femoral surface of the femur.
Function: The Gluteal Maximus is the principal extensor of the hip joint, assists in laterally rotating the thigh; upper and middle third section of the muscle are abductors of the hip joint.
Nerve Supply: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Biceps Femoris – Long Head:
Origin: It originated from common tendon with semitendinosus from the superior medial quadrant of the posterior portion of the ischial tuberosity.
Insertion: Head of the fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia.
Action: Flexes leg at the knee, Laterally rotates leg at the knee when the knee is flexed, It also extends thigh at the hip.
Nerve Supply: Tibial part of the sciatic nerve (S1 – S3).
Semimembranosus: Semimembranosus is the innermost of the hamstring muscle.
Origin: Ischial tuberosity.
Insertion: Posterior surface of the medial tibial condyle.
Function: Knee flexion and rotation, hip extension.
Nerve Supply: Tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2).
Semitendinosus: Semitendinosus is a posterior thigh muscle, part of the hamstrings muscle group.
Origin: Ischial tuberosity.
Insertion: Upper medial surface of the tibia.
Actions: Hip extension, Knee flexion & Internal rotation of the hip while the knee is flexed.
Nerve Supply: Tibial part of the sciatic nerve.
Hip Extension Exercise
